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Appropriate pH and sufficient DO are necessary in high quality water and aqua food environment. The values of pH, DO, temperature, and conductivity are the…

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The water quality is influenced by presence of heavy metal ions such as, arsenic, cadmium, lead, zinc, mercury, magnesium etc. Most of these metal ions…

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The European Union (EU) has identified a list of new contaminants that needs to be monitored owing to their toxicity to human and/or aquatic fauna….

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Ammonium, nitrate and urea are often observed in field water samples due to many chemical fertilizers. The measurement of these analytes provides information on metabolic…

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The microorganisms (pathogens) which include fungi, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and worms cause disease in humans and other warm-blooded animals and are transmitted from one organism…

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There could be significant variation in the response of sensors during water quality monitoring as water pressure, slit and mud etc. affect the performance and…

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The multisensory system requires a dedicated readout electronics, which is designed for wide range of operation (e.g. in terms of temperature, pressure etc.). This project…

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Plastic electronics, thin-film-transistors on foil and ultra-thin chips (UTC) on foil are technologies currently pursued to support the strongly emerging flexible electronics market. To achieve…

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In many applications and research activities involving micro/nanosensors, the packaging issues have been often underestimated by compromising important features as sensors sensitivity, reproducibility and throughput….

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